Covalent Compounds and Types of Covalent Bonds

Covalent Compounds

                                   Compound which are formed as a result of covalent bonding and containing covalent bonds are known as Covalent Compounds.
Example: Hydrogen, Chlorine, Oxygen, Water, Ethanol etc.

Types of Covalent Bonds

Covalent Bonds are of three types which are as follows-

Single Covalent Bonds

                                      Bonds which are formed due to sharing of single pair of electrons between two atoms are called single covalent bond. It is represented by single line (-)
Example: Formation of H2 molecule, Formation of Cl2 molecule.

i.                   Formation of Hydrogen (H2) molecule:

                                                         In the outermost shell of hydrogen atom, it have single electron, which it share with another hydrogen atom to acquire inert configuration of helium so single bond is formed between these two hydrogen atoms and this single covalent bond is represented by single line (-)

ii.                 Formation of Chlorine Molecule (Cl2) :

In the outermost shell of chlorine atom, it have seven electrons, it share its one valence electron with another chlorine atom to form chlorine molecule by single covalent bond.

Double Covalent Bonds

                                      Bonds which are formed due to sharing of double pair of electrons between two atoms are called double covalent bond. It is represented by double line (=)
Example: Formation of O2 molecule.

i.                   Formation of Oxygen (O2) molecule:

                                                          In the outermost shell of oxygen atom, it have six electrons, it share its two valence electrons with another oxygen atom to form oxygen molecule by double covalent bond.

Triple Covalent Bonds

                                      Bonds which are formed due to sharing of triple pair of electrons between two atoms are called triple covalent bond. It is represented by triple lines
Example: Formation of N2 molecule.

i.                   Formation of Nitrogen (N2) molecule:

                                                          In the outermost shell of nitrogen atom, it have five electrons, it share its three valence electrons with another nitrogen atom to form nitrogen molecule by triple covalent bond.
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